In western Kenya, the Nyando River catchment is caught in a cycle of flooding, land degradation and failing harvests. Trust 2 Impact, supported by Partners for Water, is working to break that cycle. Not by fixing isolated problems, but by addressing the system as a whole and ensuring that those who restore the land share in its benefits. Co-founder Victor Langenberg and Kenya Country Manager Professor Humphrey Oborah explain why that distinction matters.

Why fixing one thing is never enough

As a systems thinker and water expert, Victor Langenberg has spent four decades working on water systems in Africa. During that time, he has seen forests planted that never survived, water pumps that stopped working, and agro-programmes whose effects faded within five years. “When I travel through Africa, I see the remnants of projects where 80 percent has simply evaporated,” he says. “That is heartbreaking. ”

The reason, in his view, is structural. “Deforestation leads to soil degradation, soil degradation leads to flooding, flooding destroys harvests, destroyed harvests drive poverty, and poverty forces farmers to overuse the land,” he explains. “For lasting success, you cannot fix one part. You have to flip the system; step in together and turn that downward spiral into a cycle of restoration, resilience and opportunity.” That conviction is what led him to co-found Trust 2 Impact. “We aim to go about it completely differently.”

A view from the inside

Professor Humphrey Oborah brings a different but complementary perspective. Born and raised in the Nyando River catchment area, he knows this landscape from the inside. Four years ago, he joined as Trust 2 Impact’s Kenya Country Manager. “As a native of the region, I can speak with the community in their own dialect and align with their sufferings,” he says. “But I also wanted to bring my international connections and education in cultural and human science to find a lasting solution.”

Together with a dedicated team, they are now developing a long-term landscape restoration programme in the Nyando River catchment – combining agroforestry, water management and innovative financing to restore both ecosystems and livelihoods.

For background on the project and its wider context, see our earlier article Restoring Kenya’s Nyando River catchment: how Trust 2 Impact connects landscapes, livelihoods and long-term finance here.

Seeing the connections

To get to grips with what is happening in the Nyando catchment, Trust 2 Impact starts with maps. Causal loop diagramming is a systems thinking tool that charts how different factors influence and reinforce each other. It reveals where a well-placed intervention can trigger a chain of positive change. “We map the feedback loops between water, soil, agriculture, income and governance to find where small interventions can generate large effects,” explains Victor.

“When we looked at the Nyando River catchment systemically, deforestation, soil degradation, flooding, poverty and weak economic alternatives were all feeding into each other,” says Humphrey. “So instead of simply planting trees, we integrated landscape restoration with livelihoods, regenerative agriculture and local economic empowerment – because communities are more likely to protect ecosystems when restoration also improves their income and resilience.”

The knowledge is already there

Working closely with local communities is central to the programme. Victor is sometimes frustrated by the gap between knowledge and action. “The knowledge of how to work with the land – how to prepare seeds, read the landscape and the water, restore it – is there, but it’s hidden,” he says. “It needs to come out and be taken seriously. It’s often locked inside communities and academic papers, but there is no structure yet to connect it to financing and markets.”

Humphrey recognises the same pattern. “In many cases, communities already understood changes in rainfall patterns and soil fertility decline long before formal data confirmed it,” he says. “What was missing was a structured platform connecting that lived experience to financing mechanisms, restoration science, and economic opportunities.” Trust 2 Impact aims to do that.

This connects to a broader assumption Humphrey has consistently challenged: that communities resist change. “People are not resistant to change, they are resistant to exclusion from the benefits of change,” he says. Once communities see a credible pathway towards resilience and economic inclusion, their response shifts, and the numbers bear that out. Today, more than 20,000 community members are engaged in the programme – a strong foundation for the 60,000 hectares of agroforestry and riparian restoration the team aims to achieve across the Nyando catchment.

If it works here, what does it prove?

The Nyando catchment was chosen deliberately. It is one of the most degraded river systems on earth, but it also has high potential for recovery. “If we can fix the Nyando catchment area, we fix more than that,” Victor says. “Because what comes out of that river ends up in Lake Victoria. Improve the catchment and the whole lake system benefits, including the three countries surrounding it.”

“If this approach succeeds, it proves that climate restoration can simultaneously become an environmental solution, a poverty reduction strategy, and a green economic development model,” Humphrey says. “Carbon credit and climate finance projects work best when they are rooted in community ownership, systems thinking, and inclusive economic participation, not isolated technical interventions.”

A model worth repeating

Replication across the Lake Victoria basin would require long-term financing, local capacity-building and transparent governance. But above all, a shift in perspective. “Most importantly,” Humphrey concludes, “replication requires seeing ecosystems and communities not as separate issues, but as one interconnected living system. That is the real lesson emerging from Nyando.”

This is the second of a series of three articles. Read the first article and stay tuned for more in-depth insights.

At the Waterproof event by Partners for Water, over 50 tables of water professionals spent the day tackling one of the sector’s most persistent challenges: not the lack of solutions, but the lack of conditions to make them work.

The gap between policy and practice

A recurring theme of Waterproof 2026 was the critical gap between water governance and climate action on the ground. While advanced climate and water policies exist, translating them into local implementation remains highly contested and complex.

The opening discussion focused on the central theme that the UN has declared an era of ‘global water bankruptcy’. With 68 water projects on display at the event, it was clear that the ideas are there but scaling them remains a colossal task. Success depends on having the right policies and regulations in place, ensuring fair and accessible funding, available and trustworthy data and making sure the right people have a seat at the table.

From pilots to systems

Participants argued against the tendency to fund isolated experiments that never scale. One table noted that only doing a pilot is affecting the livelihoods of real people and there is too much focus on solutions and not on the necessary systems.

The output from the enabling environment session captured this consensus: Partners for Water’s next programme should prioritise facilitating local champions to convene actors and drive systemic change, rather than managing projects from a distance.

Local ownership

Perhaps the most consistent theme across all rounds was the need for genuine local ownership. Participants argued that climate adaptation works only when it is local, community-owned and built on mutual interest and respect from the start.

Enhancing that was the conversation around the value of indigenous and local knowledge. Participants suggested that many communities already have their own adaptation strategies, making the case for supporting and amplifying those ideas, rather than replacing them.

Neha Mungekar of IHE Delft Institute for Water Education reinforced this from a governance perspective. The main obstacle to implementing water solutions, she argues, is not technology, but human behaviour. Participatory platforms tend to invite the wrong people: “We fill rooms with experts and representatives, but rarely with those who experience the problem.” In Bhopal, India, she brought health practitioners and water authorities, the latter of which had been denying groundwater contamination. After a heated exchange backed by hard data, they eventually acknowledged it. “For me, this was a big win.”

Her broader lesson echoed throughout the discussions: “Sustainability without justice causes harm…change must be culturally situated and sensitive to loss.”

Finally, she emphasised that breaking silos requires “creating safe spaces for encouraging all voices” and getting “marginalised groups (youth, women, indigenous groups, etc.) driving the UN conference rather than just attending it.”

Finance and innovative mechanisms

On financing, the picture was sobering. With only five specialist water tech investors globally, patient capital remains scarce – 80 percent of investors have invested in water technology only once. Liza Faber of Pure Terra Ventures argued that the perception of water being unattractive to investors is a misconception. “The real challenge is that the problems are accelerating faster than the solutions can be deployed.”

Ferdinand Segers of Plan International noted that many companies underestimate how water risks will affect them, making them reluctant to invest proactively. Plan International is exploring blended finance that combine grants with private investment, using donated funds to absorb risk and attract investors.

Meanwhile, the World Bank’s newly launched Water Forward Programme secured commitment from 14 countries to establish budgets and create the right policy conditions to unlock SDG 6 funding.

A major funding gap remains for projects that are too large for small pilot grants, but too risky for institutional investors. Several tables called for a dedicated catalytic fund, with Partners for Water acting as a risk-taker to encourage private investment in water innovation and technology.

Other proposals included Watershed Investment Programmes where water users dedicate 1 percent of their water bill to watershed restoration and True Pricing, which embeds the full costs of water into product prices to build financial capacity and educate communities about the real cost of water use. A more radical economic proposal involved forgiving foreign debt of low-to-middle income countries to fund mitigation and adaptation without creating new debt burdens.

A recurring structural obstacle is governments keeping water tariffs artificially low for political reasons, undermining the financial sustainability of water services.

Data, AI and the politics of information

A conversation emerged around data. New national laws in countries like Vietnam are actively prohibiting open data exchange, while, as one participant noted you can’t adapt to climate change if data is not being shared. AI was welcomed as a tool for early warning and coordination and for preserving institutional memory, but concerns rose around its energy and water footprint and the risk of data being weaponised by governments. Paradoxically, AI is both a heavy water consumer and a tool for solving the very crisis it contributes to. Participants argued that data should in the long run be democratised and accessible for all citizens.

Long timelines, structural commitment

The Dutch Diamond model, bringing together government, business, knowledge institutions and civil society, was praised and scrutinised through examples from Vietnam and Ghana demonstrating successful local initiatives that struggle to be adopted more broadly.

The Netherlands’ Delta Fund was highlighted as a model of structural commitment embedded in law and therefore largely insulated from political change. On a broader scale, there was a call to create an EU Water Strategy and a water availability Directive to coordinate efforts and share lessons learned.

Unambiguously there was agreement that attention must extend beyond delivery to maintenance, monitoring and long-term follow-up.

The final call

The closing call to action captured the spirit of the whole day: “By 2040, fund community-led water adaptation through ethical AI, transparent data sharing, youth leadership and local knowledge and de-politicise water.”

The 2030 breakthrough plan added further urgency calling for radical public awareness of water security, through for instance a worldwide International Day Without Water to personalise the crises.

Three clear priorities emerged for Partners for Water’s next programme: facilitate local champions to drive systemic change; act as a catalyst by providing a de-risking fund that bridges the gap between pilots and scale; and commit to long-term programme timelines that cover the full project cycle. The conditions for change are understood. The question is whether the structures will follow.

Julia Watson, an Australian-born landscape architect well known for her approach to the challenges of modern societies in relation to nature, was the centre of attention at an event last week organised by Partners for Water and the University of Delft. Watson inspired students and other visitors with her enthusiastic message about the importance of “knowledge that is being ignored, and the intelligence lying around us.” 

A different kind of technology

The morning session at the faculty of architecture was hosted by Steffen Nijhuis, professor of landscape-based urbanism at TU Delft. His work aligns with Watson’s view that sustainable cities must be rooted in living systems and local knowledge, rather than imposed on top of them. He describes this approach simply as “landscape logic” for sustainable urban planning.

The term Nature-based Solution (NBS) has become too technical, he argued, reduced to planting a few trees and ticking a box. His team at TU Delft is proposing a shift towards landscape-based solutions, treating the cultural dimension of a landscape as inseparable from the ecological one. Landscapes, he reminded the audience, are not just natural systems. They are the product of centuries of interaction between people and their environment.

Meetings with indigenous community leaders at COP16 in Colombia, where TU Delft hosted a pavilion with Partners for Water on indigenous water knowledge, showed how little Western institutions are only just starting to understand. To begin with; “water is alive”, continued Julia Watson, “it remembers, it warns and it teaches.”

To illustrate the point she has been making for many years, Watson used a bridge in northeast India, not built from steel or concrete but grown. The Khasi people of Meghalaya plant two fig trees on opposite banks of a river, then spend decades training their roots across bamboo scaffolding until the root systems touch, fuse, and become one living structure that can withstand monsoon floods and grow stronger over time.

“I’ve been there,” Watson said. “I’ve held these trees. You knock them, and they resonate – because there’s water inside. It’s living tissue. It’s growing.” A design philosophy she calls Lo-TEK: Traditional Ecological Knowledge with “Lo” referring to low-tech as opposed to high-tech industrial solutions, taking into account the accumulated wisdom of indigenous communities who have engineered living systems over millennia.

Humans should be returning to their relationship with nature, a connection that seems to have been lost, in the belief that technology can solve everything in modern cities. Instead, we should work with nature not against it. “Many indigenous people don’t even have a word for nature. They don’t see themselves separate from it,” said Watson.

Five examples

The alternative Watson proposes is not a rejection of technology, but a radical re-definition and a different way of thinking. Drawing from her book “Lo-Tek Water, a field guide for TEKnology”, elaborately described and explained with infographics, at TU she described five examples from around the world, to show what this looks like in practice.

Clam gardens

Firstly, the clam gardens in North America. For 4,000 years, indigenous communities along the Pacific Northwest coast have built shoreline terraces by stacking rocks at low tide, creating warm shallow shelves where clams thrive. The efforts on Quadra Island in British Columbia have truly paid off, as the Kwakwaka’wakw Nation have turned 35 percent of the coastline into a productive clam habitat, feeding not only the human community but also the otters, minks, and waterbirds around them.

Today the Swinomish people of Washington State are reviving the practice, constructing the first such terrace built in the United States in over 400 years to protect shorelines from storms, erosion, and rising seas.

Kelp farming on Long Island

Just two hours from Manhattan, the Shinnecock Nation is running the first indigenous-led kelp farm on the entire East Coast. The community has maintained a relationship with the sea and with sugar kelp for around 13,000 years. Their operation cleans the heavily polluted waters of Shinnecock Bay, sequesters carbon, restores biodiversity and generates income by selling harvested kelp to local farmers as a replacement for synthetic fertiliser.

Organic rooftop in Bangkok

Designed by landscape architects Landprocess, the organic rooftop garden of Thammasat University covers 22,000 square metres and is modelled on traditional Thai rice terraces. Students harvest food which is sold in the campus cafeteria. The building collects its own irrigation water, cools the surrounding air, and runs on renewable energy, creating a “food-water-energy nexus” built on ancestral logic.

The Chinampas of Mexico City

In the southern districts of the capital, a pre-colonial agricultural system is struggling to survive. But farmers still use shallow lake beds and plant willow trees along the edges, with a few harvests a year. The system also filters wastewater, lowers local air temperatures, and buffers against both floods and droughts. They are still proof of what cities can do with water, but are slowly being lost to urbanisation and the pollution that comes with it.

The Mulberry dyke system of the Yangtze Delta

In this Chinese system dating back centuries, farmers plant mulberry trees on embankments between fishponds. Silkworms feed on the mulberry leaves, their waste falls into the water and feeds the fish, the fish fertilise the pond bottom, and once a year farmers dredge that rich silt onto the dykes to nourish the mulberry trees again. Nothing is wasted. The system also forms an intricate network of canals that protects the city of Huzhou from flooding.

The city as a sponge

Perhaps the clearest proof that ancestral knowledge can directly shape contemporary urban design comes from the late Chinese landscape architect Kongjian Yu. When developing his “Sponge City” model – now replicated in nearly 100 cities worldwide – Yu drew directly from the Chinampas and the Yangtze Delta dyke systems. Sponge City uses a different urban drainage system: instead of expelling water as soon as possible through pipes and drains, it absorbs and retains it, then slowly releases it, putting it to use in much the same way a landscape does.

The panel produced a few examples of how abandoned ancestral systems were recovered in the 1990s, when researcher Stephen Lansing created a computer model simulating how the water temples in Bali coordinated water flow across the island’s rice terraces. He showed that the priests were managing a sophisticated, landscape-scale pest control and irrigation system. Examples from the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Denmark and Italy showed that Europe has its own long-neglected traditions of working with water, many of which are preserved in monastic landscapes or were only recently rediscovered through aerial surveys.

Students at TU Delft are increasingly drawn to these topics. One graduate asked what ethical principles should guide working with indigenous communities. He referred to multinational companies like Nike, which Watson has worked with as a sustainability consultant. She responded that these relationships should be made more equitable and regenerative. A Smart Oath of Understanding (SOU) has been developed as an alternative to standard Western legal contracts, using oral agreements encoded in blockchain technology to protect indigenous intellectual property and ensure communities retain ownership and control.

Various students asked how ancestral knowledge systems can be scaled to meet the pace of urbanisation: 165 new cities by 2040, and half a billion potential climate refugees. There is no easy answer. But everyone in the room agreed that the transition must happen simultaneously at every level; education, governance, finance, legislation, and the way we gather proof. The biggest challenge is to measure progress not primarily through economic growth. “Then transition begins.”

Julia Watson is the author of Lo-TEK: Design by Radical Indigenism (2019) and Lo-TEK Water (2024). She teaches at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Julia Watson was also one of the guests in our podcast The Indigenous Voice.

Below you can watch the video of Steffen Nijhuis’ and Julia Watson’s lecture, as well as the panel discussion we held at the event.

At Waterproof 2026, earth scientist Philip Minderhoud opened his talk with an image of a church steeple rising from the sea. What followed was a 15-minute keynote address that reframed the urgency of climate adaptation and set fifty roundtables in motion.

What a drowning delta looks like

The audience at the Fokker Terminal in The Hague had barely settled when Philip Minderhoud shared a photograph on the screen. It was a church steeple. Surrounding it, was open water as far as the drone could capture. This was not a flood, but the permanent new reality of a village in the Philippines. “This is the people attending the last mass,” he said, “before they abandoned their entire village.”

Two crises

Minderhoud is an associate professor at Wageningen University & Research and an advisor at Deltares. He specialises in Coastal-Deltaic Land Subsidence and Relative Sea-Level Rise, in other words: the way deltas sink and what that means when combined with rising sea-levels. His participation at Waterproof 2026 was a call to look at both crises at the same time. The one visible and the one happening invisible happening under your feet.

That invisible crisis is land subsidence driven largely by one thing: the extraction of groundwater. When water is pumped from deep aquifers, the clay layers above slowly compress and reorient: an irreversible process. Groundwater, Minderhoud explained, does not just carry water. It carries the elevation of the land itself. Over extracting it and you pay with altitude.

Subsidence up to 20 cm/year

In the Mekong Delta, subsidence rates have more than doubled in fifteen years. In the Pampanga delta north of Manila – where Minderhoud conducted a field survey in September 2024 – the ground is sinking up to 20 centimetres per year. He showed what that looks like on the ground: schools with flooded classrooms that open and close with the tides; roads raised a metre and a half; special tricycles built taller to navigate high-water streets; a relocation site for a thousand families, itself partially submerged within years of construction and rice fields that turned to open water between 2020 and 2024.

77-132 million more people at risk

The scale of the exposure is larger than most risk assessments suggest. More than 90% of coastal hazard assessments use satellite elevation data referenced to a global geo-id model that, in tropical regions, significantly underestimates actual sea level. In parts of Southeast Asia, the difference is up to a metre. A paper he co-authored in Nature (Seeger & Minderhoud, March 2026) calculated that this systematic error means between 77 and 132 million more people are exposed to the impacts of one metre of relative sea-level rise than current projections show. “If sea level in reality is higher for your particular island or coastal city than was previously assumed,” he said, “the impacts will happen sooner than projected.”

Our responsibilty: the impact of a failed pilot

His conclusion was pointed: the sector spends its energy adapting to what is visible at the surface. However, the more effective intervention is to address the drivers underneath. Reduce groundwater extraction. Protect aquifers. Understand the system before you design for it. He closed on a slide that underlines the responsibility water professionals have: “A failed pilot for us may mean losing their homes for them.”

What water professionals would do about it

After the keynote, fifty roundtables were asked one question: what bold action should the global water sector take to accelerate climate adaptation and be ready to pitch at the UN Water Conference in December? The responses, collected live via Mentimeter, mapped the priorities of a sector in the middle of rethinking its own defaults.

Alternative water solutions
The most recurring suggestion was structural action on groundwater. Tables called for a moratorium on commercial extraction in vulnerable coastal zones, groundwater pricing modelled on carbon trading and serious investment in surface water alternatives, such as fixing leaking pipes (globally, around 50% of extracted groundwater leaks away before it reaches users), harvesting rainwater and scaling desalination and wastewater reuse.

Always consider systematic change
Nature-based approaches attracted both strong support and sharp critique. The emerging consensus: stop funding isolated interventions, start designing for systems. “From nature-based solution towards nature-based system approach” was one of the most submitted responses. “Don’t do a pilot – they are about the livelihoods of real people. Always consider systemic change,” submitted another table.

Include community and intergenerational knowledge
Community knowledge and local ownership featured prominently. Participants called for youth at the steering wheel of climate decisions, intergenerational knowledge in adaptation planning and local communities holding formal ownership over their own rivers and groundwater. One table asked a question that lingered: “What can we learn from our grandfathers and grandmothers?”

Scale up investment capacity
Regarding finance, one number stood out. Total global green bond issuance: $3 trillion. Total blue bond issuance for water: $15 billion. “If we’re really serious about water, we need to scale up investment capacity 100 times by 2030.” True-cost pricing, watershed investment funds and debt forgiveness for low-income countries were all proposed as mechanisms to move that number.

Look beyond the water sector
Across themes, one message recurred: the water sector cannot solve this alone. Proposals included requiring 50% non-water-sector representation at the UN Water Conference committee, bringing colleagues from finance, agriculture and tech into the dialogue and going to other sector’s conferences rather than only hosting your own.

Whats next?

The outputs from the session will be carried forward by Partners for Water as direct input to the UN Water Conference agenda in Dubai on 8-10 December. Philip Minderhoud’s question – can a delta drownclearly answered at The Hague. The harder question is what the world does about it before the window closes.

On 19 May 2026, Partners for Water brought together almost four hundred water professionals in The Hague for Waterproof 2026. With climate change accelerating, geopolitical pressure growing and budgets tightening, the stakes could not be higher. Against that backdrop, representatives from government, the private sector, NGOs and knowledge institutions sat side by side for a full day of talks, a panel discussion and three round-table workshops to discuss solutions for a water-secure world. The outputs of the day will feed into the Dutch contribution to the UN Water Conference later this year – and into the design of Partners for Water 6, starting in 2028.

A room full of realists

The opening question cut straight to the point: “Are you optimistic that the water sector is moving fast enough to improve water security worldwide?” Almost nobody stood up. But as one participant put it: If you weren’t optimistic, you wouldn’t be here. And that optimism carried through the day.

Eva Schreuder, Head of Water at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Afke Mulder, Deputy Programme Director at the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, opened the day by acknowledging the scale of the challenge. Both ministries stressed that water remains a strategic foreign policy priority for the Netherlands and that the urgency is far from fading.

Collaboration and technology: both, not either

One of the day’s opening statements sparked a lively exchange: “The biggest breakthroughs in water will come from collaboration, not technology.” Most people agreed – though many added a “but”.

The general view was that technology is not the bottleneck. What lags is the coordination, trust, and institutional alignment needed to deploy it. Participant Johann Poinapen brought it together: “We are doing a lot of innovative work, developing technologies, looking at societal and legal readiness. But if we do that in silos, we can’t go far. If we keep collaborating, have a unified vision and – most importantly – unified action, then we will have more impact.”

One participant pushed back, noting that in the Netherlands, the emphasis on collaboration may be crowding out technology development. It was a tension that ran through the entire day. Dorien Lugt later captured it well: technology without context doesn’t work – but neither does context without implementation. As another participant put it: “Technology will solve a lot of things – but you still need people to believe in it. That’s where collaboration comes in.”

The funding gap

When it comes to scaling, the barriers are as much financial as they are relational. Liza Faber noted that 80% of investors who have put money into water technology have never reinvested. Venture capital expects returns in three to five years. Water, in many cases, needs five to seven. Her advice: broaden the financing ecosystem – venture capital is only one small piece, and the sector needs dedicated instruments that can reach local actors and small entrepreneurs.

Water for climate action: looking below the surface

Associate Professor Philip Minderhoud (Wageningen University / Deltares) opened the first round-table with a striking finding: in much of Southeast Asia, sea levels are already up to a metre higher than most satellite-based risk models assume. The result is that millions of people face significantly greater exposure to flooding than current assessments suggest.

At the root of this, Minderhout argued, is a largely invisible driver: land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction. In a Philippine municipality of over 100,000 people, tidal water now floods the entire city every day. Rice fields that were productive in 2020 are open water today. Reducing groundwater extraction, he argued, is one of the most effective actions available.

The tables translated the discussion into concrete directions: establish a buddy-to-buddy system for knowledge and technology exchange, embed water resilience targets in national adaptation plans to ensure accountability, involve non-water sector parties in leadership, build on local knowledge and the strength of communities, and make existing financial mechanisms functional, or create new ones.

Enabling environment: the human side of implementation

Researcher Neha Mungekar (IHE Delft) picked up where the earlier discussion on technology and collaboration left off. The barriers to implementation, she argued, are rarely technical. They are relational. “There is no scarcity of trust. There is a deep hurt amongst actors. The real question is: how do we get these people to listen to each other?” She argued the answer lies in designing spaces for genuine disagreement – addressing distrust, fear, and institutional fragmentation head-on, rather than hiding them behind participatory processes that look the part but avoid real friction.

The round-table outputs focused on what Partners for Water could do differently in its next programme: facilitate local champions who can bring actors together; act as a de-risking facility to bridge the gap between pilots and scale; and shift to longer programme cycles that follow projects from design through to post-implementation monitoring and learning.

Water security innovations: being critical enough

Dorien Lugt (HKV) argued that often, innovations fail not because the technology is wrong, but because problem definitions are too shallow, stakeholder objectives go unspoken, and projects drift into process without anyone implementing anything.

Her call: “Be more critical earlier in the process. Question the problem. Question the solution. Question your own role.”

When asked what innovations and actions are needed to ensure water security by 2030, the tables were concrete: honour existing global agreements and ensure the financing behind them holds, build radical public awareness around the true scarcity of fresh water, and explore what a European-level water programme could look like.

Taking it forward

At the close of the day, Partners for Water programme coordinaor Lilliane Geerling handed a USB stick containing every idea and insight gathered during the round-table sesionss directly to Jaap Slootmaker, Director General Water and Soil at the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. As he put it: “Being more critical helps us put our scarce money and capacity where it is most effective.” Those inputs will feed into both the Dutch contribution to the UN Water Conference later this year and the design of Partners for Water 6, starting in 2028. As Jaap Slootmaker put it: “Being more critical helps us put our scarce money and capacity where they are most effective.”

With the Humans of Partners for Water series, we showcase the people who are involved in and benefit from our projects. The Humans series sheds light on the stories of the people who work with and for Partners for Water works and on how water affects their lives. Learn how Nayira Hassan’s dedication to water conservation drives her mission to make every drop count in Egypt.

Meet Nayira Hassan

In this Humans of Partners for Water series, meet Nayira Hassan, Project Manager at Delphy Egypt. Through consultancy, training and knowledge sharing, she supports farmers and promotes sustainable and soil-less agriculture across Egypt and the wider region. She combines her technical expertise with a deep commitment to water-smart farming.

Saving every drop

For Nayira Hassan, water is far more than a professional focus, it is a responsibility. Living and working in Egypt, where water scarcity is a daily reality, she understands deeply what it means to treat water as a precious resource. Her drive is not just to use it efficiently, but to help others appreciate what they have and make the most of it.

“In Egypt, water is scarce. So, it’s very valuable for me to work with water, to save every drop – and make an impact. It means a lot to me, and I’m happy to be a part of that.”

Dutch-Egyptian water cooperation

Egypt is one of seven delta countries in the Partners for Water programme 2022–2027. In the Nile Delta, the programme focuses on three interconnected priorities: integrated coastal management, smart water use in agriculture and improving water supply and sanitation.

Partners for Water collaborates with the Egyptian Government to develop sustainable water-use solutions that help safeguard Egypt’s groundwater reserves and address the salinisation of coastal soils.

The bilateral partnership is guided by a High-Level Water Panel, chaired by the water ministers of both the Netherlands and Egypt, which meets annually to align on policy direction and programme progress.

Beyond the broader programme, Partners for Water also supports various projects in Egypt through its subsidy scheme, enabling Dutch and Egyptian organisations to develop and test innovative water solutions on the ground.

Get involved in Egypt

Are you currently working on water projects in Egypt or exploring how to do so? Here are ways to get involved:

• Apply for our tenders focused on innovative solutions in delta countries like Egypt. Find more information on our news page.
• Join our annual Egypt platform meeting or one of the other Partners for Water events. Check out our events page for upcoming events.
• Follow us on LinkedIn and subscribe to our newsletter to stay updated on our tenders, activities, events and projects.
• Get in touch with our Project Advisor for Egypt: Ylva Veldhuis

Flowing Forward is a new capacity-building programme aimed at strengthening the institutional capabilities of the water sector in Bangladesh. The project focuses on two key challenges: improving asset management within the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and enhancing the knowledge of public organisations to effectively develop and manage public-private partnerships (PPPs).

Why this project?

Bangladesh faces major water-related challenges: ageing infrastructure, climate change, and a rapidly growing demand for reliable water services. A previous study commissioned by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) showed that current maintenance processes are not sufficiently geared towards the long term, that data and knowledge management are fragmented, and that financial resources are not being used optimally. In addition, research commissioned by the Netherlands Embassy indicates strong potential for collaboration with private parties. However, public institutions in Bangladesh currently lack sufficient experience to structure and manage PPP projects in a sustainable manner.

What makes this project unique?

Dutch and Bangladeshi partners jointly determine priorities, select case studies, and co-create training materials. A Project Coordination Group monitors progress and decides on the final structure of the programme following an inception period. The project places a strong emphasis on national expertise: more than half of all training days will be delivered by Bangladeshi experts. During the project, 10–15 experts from Bangladesh will be trained as national trainers, ensuring long-term knowledge retention.

Intended results

The programme aims to contribute to stronger and more sustainable water management in Bangladesh. During the project, BWDB will receive support to embed an asset management framework. Public organisations will be supported to independently develop PPP projects, and a national group of certified trainers will ensure continued knowledge transfer after project completion. Finally, the project emphasises gender equality in the selection of participants and trainers.

Project duration

Flowing Forward will run from December 2025 to September 2027, with a strong focus on ensuring the sustainable continuation of the project by Bangladeshi partners after the Dutch support has ended.

The article is also published on the website of our collaboration partner World Water Academy.

A broad-based, high-level Thai delegation visited the Netherlands for a five-day Knowledge Week under the Partners for International Business (PIB) – Greater Bangkok programme. In collaboration with the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) and in co-creation with Partners for Water and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Watermanagement, the exchange brought together senior government representatives, academic institutions and international partners to explore integrated water management in practice and strengthen long-term Thai-Dutch cooperation.

Water challenges in a complex delta context

Thailand’s water challenges are shaped by geographic vulnerability, urbanisation, climate impact and a complex institutional landscape. At that same time, responsibilities remain divided across multiple agencies and governance levels, while ageing infrastructure puts pressure on maintenance and long-term planning. This has often resulted in stand-alone, short-term projects, where infrastructure is designed to address immediate problems rather than deliver broader social, ecological and economic value. Recent basin-wide initiatives and urban resilience programmes, however, signal a gradual shift towards more coordinated and future-oriented water management in Thailand.

A long-standing Thai-Dutch water partnership

The recently held Knowledge Week builds on more than a decade of structured cooperation between Thailand and the Netherlands in the water sector. Following the 2011 floods in Thailand, Dutch experts contributed to post-flood assessments and strategic reviews. This laid the foundation for deeper collaboration. Since then, the partnership has evolved through policy dialogue, a bilateral Memorandum of Understanding signed in 2021 and joint initiatives such as the Water as Leverage programme.

The current exchange takes place within the Partners for International Business (PIB) – Greater Bangkok programme, which connects Dutch expertise with Thai ambitions for climate-resilient and water-secure development. Rather than a standalone meeting, the Knowledge Week forms part of a broader trajectory aimed at strengthening integrated water management through sustained cooperation at policy and operational levels.

From silos to systems

A central theme of the exchange was the shift from isolated, project-based solutions towards a more systematic approach. Dutch experience shows how water management can be embedded in integral planning that connects infrastructure to wider societal objectives such as liveability, biodiversity and climate resilience.

For Mrs. Patcharawee Suwannik, Deputy Secretary General of the Office of the National Water Resources (ONWR), the meeting underscored the importance of this integrated perspective. “Addressing our climate and water challenges requires an integrated and adaptive approach. This visit and related activities have provided an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of climate resilience and adaptive water management.”

Delegate member Professor Dr. Witaya Wannasuphoprasit from Chulalongkorn University highlighted that effective water management must address the entire system: “We need to reinforce the core – restoring forests and catchment areas upstream, managing peak flows midstream and strengthening resilience downstream in response to sea-level rise and sedimentation.”

Water management in practice

Over five days, the Knowledge Week combined seminars, workshops and site visits. From innovative urban water solutions in Rotterdam and a cruise through Amsterdam’s historic canals to visits to the iconic Maeslantkering and the windswept Sand Motor, the programme provided a broad perspective on Dutch water management. The exchange covered themes ranging from river basin strategies and flood protection to smart agriculture, urban resilience and financing frameworks. It demonstrated how technical solutions are connected to long-term spatial development.

In Thailand, long-term climate adaptation and integrated water planning are gaining increased attention. “At the national level, the Office of the National Water Resources is implementing the 20-Year Master Plan on Water Resources Management,” shared Mrs. Suwannik, “These challenges cannot be addressed by any country alone. Strong international cooperation is essential for achieving sustainable water management.”

The delegation was particularly impressed by the Dutch system-wide approach to data and coordination. “Water does not recognise administrative boundaries,” noted Chadchart Sittipunt, Governor of Bangkok, “so having one command centre that provides the same information to everyone allows local authorities to make decisions more efficiently.”

Flood and salinity control formed another important focus. Managing sea level rise and maintaining sufficient river discharge, while preserving water and ecosystems requires constant trade-offs, an area where Dutch long-term operational and maintenance experience offers valuable lessons. “The challenge of balancing flood protection and salinity control is increasingly relevant for both our countries,” shares Marc Walraven, Senior Advisor Storm Surge Barriers at Rijkswaterstaat, the executive organisation of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, during one of the seminars. “By learning from each other’s experience, we can strengthen our approaches for the future.”

Bangkok faces increasing pressure from rapid growth and increasing extreme rainfall. In Rotterdam and Amsterdam, the delegation saw how water is integrated into urban design rather than treated as a separate technical system. “What impressed us most is how thoughtfully the cities are organised to live with water,” Mrs. Suwannik noted, “The practical integration of water, urban planning and climate resilience has been truly inspiring.”

The Knowledge Week programme also addressed financing mechanisms such as public-private partnerships (PPP), water bonds, tokens and insurance, underlining that resilient water systems depend not only on infrastructure, but also on governance, investment and institutional capacity. Dr Royboon Rassameethes, Director General of the Hydro Informatics Institute (HII), rightly noted that a fourth ‘P’ should be added to PPP: the ‘P’ of people. Showing the importance of including community.

Mutual learning

The exchange highlighted opportunities for mutual learning. While the Netherlands is known for long-term spatial planning, the city of Bangkok demonstrates how pragmatic interventions can complement structural strategies.

The Netherlands can learn valuable lessons from Thailand’s experience in water management, particularly from dealing with large-scale challenges in a megacity like Bangkok. Dutch cities are increasingly confronted with so-called “rain bombs” – short, extreme downpours that overwhelm urban drainage systems. Thailand’s experience managing high river discharges during intense rainfall, combined with the added pressure of sea level rise that complicates water discharge into the sea, demonstrates how to cope with water challenges on a much larger magnitude. Adapting to such extremes requires flexibility, integrated planning and strong community resilience — approaches which Dutch cities can benefit from as they prepare for future climate-related water challenges.

“We often think in terms of large-scale projects, but there are many low-hanging fruits,” said Governor Sittipunt. “In Bangkok, we have identified small unused private plots of land – sometimes no bigger than a room – and transformed them into green public spaces by offering tax exemptions for public use.”

Joint lessons for resilient water management

During the concluding fishbowl session, the Thai delegation and Dutch partners reflected on the main insights of the week. A shared understanding emerged that effective water management begins with local knowledge. When communities are actively involved in collecting and interpreting data, ownership and long-term commitment increases. There is no universal blueprint; local context must always guide solutions.

Participants also stressed that data only creates impact when it is understood and translated into actionable insights. Technology and modelling are essential, but they must empower people at the local level to make informed decisions. Communication emerged as a strategic success factor: sustainable change depends on trust, dialogue and a progression from awareness to action.

The discussion further highlighted the importance of combining bottom-up initiatives with top-down frameworks. Collaboration between communities, governments and knowledge institutions enables both relevance and scalability. Nature-based solutions were seen as most effective when linked to socio-economic goals such as food security and biodiversity. Ultimately, a shift from ‘fighting water’ to ‘living with water’ requires long-term vision, adaptive planning and concrete action starting today.

Towards sustained cooperation

Throughout the programme, exchanges moved beyond technical solutions to governance, financing and long-term resilience. It reflected the shared understanding that integrated water management cannot be addressed by a single actor alone.

“This visit has been very helpful. Seeing projects on the ground gives us real insight,” said Governor Sittipunt, “Dutch companies are already supporting Bangkok in addressing our water challenges and we see strong potential to expand that cooperation.”

Moving forward, both countries aim to deepen collaboration through joint projects and capacity-building activities. By combining Dutch expertise with Thailand’s practical experience, cooperation can strengthen resilient water systems in both countries.

From 26 to 27 January 2026, a delegation from the Government of the Netherlands took part in the high-level preparatory meeting for the United Nations (UN) Water Conference, held in Dakar, Senegal. The meeting brought together governments, UN entities and key stakeholders to assess progress on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 – clean water and sanitation for all – and to set the course towards the official 2026 UN Water Conference later this year from 2 to 4 December in Abu Dhabi. The Netherlands participated to help shape the agenda, strengthen existing commitments and contribute to the global water dialogue.

The Dutch delegation was led by the Water Envoy for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Meike van Ginneken and included representatives from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Progress on SDG 6 demands urgency

Despite growing political attention, progress on SDG 6 remains off track. During the meeting in Dakar it was re-emphasised that the world is lagging behind on the implementation of SDG 6. This sense of urgency was reinforced by the GLAAS report, launched during the preparatory meeting. Developed by the World Health Organisation and UNICEF and partly financed by the Government of the Netherlands, the report highlights persistent gaps in drinking water, sanitation and hygiene systems worldwide.

Senegal’s role as co-host and leader on water diplomacy

The UN Water Conference 2026 will be co-hosted by Senegal and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with the conference itself taking place in the UAE. Senegal’s decision to co-host the preparatory meeting and the Water Conference aligns with its broader engagement in international water diplomacy. Water and sanitation are recognised as foundations for economic and social development and the country is increasingly seen as a leader in this field.

In recent years, Senegal has prioritised water diplomacy by hosting major international water events – including the World Water Forum in 2022 – and aligning itself with global initiatives that elevate water on the political agenda. Notably, Senegal’s joined the Heads of State Initiative for Water and Sanitation, which was co-initiated by the Government of the Netherlands during the previous UN Water Conference. The initiative brings water to the highest political level by formalising commitments that countries also prioritise nationally. Co-hosting the UN Water Conference reflects Senegal’s political commitment and international ambition.

“The government of the Netherlands welcomes that Senegal and the UAE are continuing the inclusive, cross-sectoral and action-oriented approach we took in 2023 together with former co-host Tajikistan. At the same time, we must recognise that our role is different now than it was in 2023 and that Senegal and UAE are in the lead to shape the 2026 UN Water Conference.” – Water Envoy Meike van Ginneken

Setting the framework for 2026

Preparatory meetings, such as the one in Senegal, play both a formal and substantive role within the UN system. They are embedded in a modalities resolution that defines how a UN conference will be organised. The preparatory meeting in Dakar effectively marked the kick-off of the year leading up to the conference in the UAE in December and set the framework for how this process will unfold.

One of the most anticipated moments was the announcement of the co-chairs for the six interactive dialogues that form the backbone of the UN Water Conference. These interactive dialogues are where the substance is developed. Each dialogue is co-chaired by two Member States. Together, they guide the conversation throughout the year and help determine which concrete outcomes can be achieved during the official 2026 Water Conference.

This year’s interactive dialogues focus on six themes: Water for People, Water for Prosperity, Water for the Planet, Water for Cooperation, Water in Multilateral Processes and Investments for Water.

The Netherlands’ positioning in Dakar

Having played a major role as co-host of the 2023 UN Water Conference, the Government of the Netherlands has chosen a different form of engagement, while continuing to contribute at the substantive level.

That active involvement was clearly visible in Dakar. Water Envoy, Meike van Ginneken moderated a high-level panel discussion during the conference’s opening ceremony. She also contributed to a side event on capacity building, organised with IHE Delft and delivered an intervention during Interactive Dialogue C on ‘Water for Planet’ – one of the key themes for the Government of the Netherlands.

In addition, the Ms van Ginneken participated as a panellist in Interactive Dialogue E on ‘Multilateral Processes’ and was actively involved in the side event, ‘Water at the Heart of Climate Action’. Alongside these contributions, the Netherlands participated in several side events and hosted a high-level Dutch reception on the eve of the conference, bringing together governments, UN organisations, civil society organisations and many other Dutch and international partners.

“The Netherlands has a strong global reputation in the field of water. It is important to demonstrate continued commitment as a trusted partner in international water cooperation,” – Dutch Water Envoy Meike van Ginneken

Building on existing commitments

The UN Water Conference and its preparatory meeting are not about negotiated treaties, rather about voluntary commitments and collective momentum. In that context, the Government of the Netherlands focuses on building initiatives and actions that are gaining traction and can be strengthened over time.

One such initiative is the Dutch-led commitment ‘Water at the Heart of Climate Action’. This programme focuses on strengthening cooperation between meteorological services and ensuring that data and early warning information translates into concrete action on the ground to enhance the resilience of local communities. During the preparatory meeting, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs organised a dedicated side event together with the International Federation of Red Cross to showcase the initiative and bring partners together. Retno Marsudi, UN Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Water, delivered the opening speech, drawing on her personal experience of flooding in Indonesia. She underlined: “Climate impacts are lived through water – and early, coordinated action matters.”

The moment marked a concrete step forward as Italy announced its decision to join the initiative as a donor, committing €5 million. The Netherlands matched this with an additional contribution of €5 million, reinforcing the ambition to expand the partnership and its reach in the coming years.

The meeting in Dakar also marked an important moment for Aqua4All. This international partnership is supported by the Netherlands through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to mobilise private finance for water. During the Dutch reception, it was formally announced that the collaboration with Aqua4All will be extended, entering a new phase of the partnership.

The new phase focuses on scaling up the Making Water Count programme, backed by a €40 million commitment from the Netherlands for the period 2026 to 2029. The programme aims to improve access to drinking water and sanitation services for 11.5 million people, while mobilising up to €350 million in additional investments. This underlines the Netherlands’ continued commitment to using public funds to unlock private investment for water solutions.

From global agreements to practical impact

Although UN processes can appear removed from daily practice, they have practical relevance for the Dutch water sector, as global agreements set the direction and influence national policies. They shape where investments go and which themes gain momentum.

The UN commitment on Early Warning for All is a clear example. Once that goal was agreed at the UN level in 2022, it generated investments and demand for expertise. That has direct implications for organisations working on data, modelling and implementation.

Similar dynamics could emerge around the five global accelerators identified by the UN as critical to achieving the water-related SDGs by 2030. These accelerators highlight areas where additional effort is needed to fast-track progress, including water and climate action, data exchange, financing models, innovation and governance and capacity building – all areas in which Dutch expertise is internationally recognised.

Looking ahead to 2026

The preparatory conference in Dakar was widely regarded as successful, marked by a strong sense of energy and willingness to contribute. That momentum is essential for achieving meaningful outcomes at the UN Water Conference later this year.

“The Dakar Conference showed how the 2023 UN Water Conference has led to concrete action and results – from local actions to larger water initiatives at the European Union (EWRS), the African Union and the World Bank. We need to show results – real impact on the ground – and tell the story of how global gatherings like this translate into action,” Water Envoy Meike van Ginneken

Looking ahead, the focus now lies on translating that energy into clear and concrete commitments in December. At the same time, there is a shared recognition that efforts should extend beyond a single conference, ensuring that water remains high on the political agenda through continued dialogues and follow-up within the UN system.